Kaedah Penyelidikan
Blog ini berfungsi sebagai medium komunikasi antara pelajar-pelajar BPMN3143 Kaedah Penyelidikan KYM-UUM dengan pensyarah. Laporan-laporan projek pelajar akan dimasukkan di sini terlebih dahulu untuk disemak / dikomen oleh pensyarah sebelum dimurnikan oleh pelajar berkenaan.
Thursday, May 9, 2013
Soalan Mid-Sem September 2012
1. _____ is the application of the scientific method in searching for the truth about business phenomena.
A. Induction
B. Application research
C. Business research
D. Science
2. Which type of research tries to verify a theory or to learn more about a concept and is not intended to solve a particular business problem?
A. Performance-monitoring research.
B. Basic research.
C. Total quality management.
D. The scientific method.
3. “Employees dressed professionally will generate greater sales than those dressed casually” is an example of a ___________.
A. theory
B. proposition
C. hypothesis
D. variation
4. All of the following are types of variables EXCEPT:
A. Continuous.
B. Categorical.
C. Constant.
D. Dependent.
5. In the statement: "Years of sales experience is an important variable in predicting unit sales performance," what type of variable is "years of experience"?
A. Dependent variable.
B. Independent variable.
C. Categorical variable.
D. Classificatory variable.
6. A statement such as: "If we increase price ten percent, sales will likely drop five percent or more," is an example of a _______.
A. hypothesis
B. dependent variable
C. problem definition
D. research objective
7. A survey can collect information using which of the following techniques?
A. Telephone.
B. Face-to-face interviews.
C. Mail.
D. All of the above.
8. Systematic errors are also called __________.
A. random sampling error
B. interviewer error
C. nonresponse error
D. non-sampling errors
9. En. Ali received a phone call asking him to participate in a survey. He told the interviewer that he was too busy and could not participate. This is an example of _____.
A. random sampling error
B. administrative error
C. non-response error
D. interviewer error
10. When an interviewer asks the respondent to state which of six salary categories represents his gross income the previous year, this is an example of a(n) _______.
A. unstructured question
B. social desirability question
C. structured question
D. disguised question
11. Revathi is participating in a research study in which she completes a questionnaire every year. She has been doing this for the past five years, and the purpose of the research is to study how consumers’ attitudes and preferences toward various food products change as they age. This type of study in which respondents are questioned at multiple points in time is called a _______.
A. cross-sectional study
B. longitudinal study
C. permanent study
D. structured study
12. For the following question, please categorize the type of measurement scale.
“Please state your age: _______ years old.”
A. Nominal scale.
B. Ordinal scale.
C. Interval scale.
D. Ratio scale.
13. For the following question, please categorize the type of measurement scale.
“Please rank the university of your preference accordingly.
UUM ______
USM _______
UKM ______
UTM ______”
A. Nominal scale.
B. Ordinal scale.
C. Interval scale.
D. Ration scale.
14. For the following question, please categorize the type of measurement scale.
“Please state your highest academic qualification.
SPM ______
STPM ______
Degree ______
Master ______
PhD _______”
A. Nominal scale.
B. Ordinal scale.
C. Interval scale.
D. Ration scale.
15. For the following question, please categorize the type of measurement scale.
“Reward is very important to Job Satisfaction
(1 – Strongly Disagree 2 – Disagree 3 – Neutral 4 – Agree 5 – Strongly Agree)”
A. Nominal scale.
B. Ordinal scale.
C. Interval scale.
D. Ration scale.
16. In _____ we start with a general theory and than apply this theory to a specific case.
A. deductive reasoning
B. inductive reasoning
C. latent reasoning
D. abstract reasoning
17. A ______________ is one that surfaces between the time the independent variables start operating to influence the dependent variable and the time their impact is felt on it.
A. mediating variable
B. extraneous variable
C. moderating variable
D. confounding variable
18. Which of the following does not include the process of building a theoretical framework?
A. Definitions of the concepts or variables in the model.
B. An operationalization of the concepts or variables in the model.
C. A logical explanation of the relationships within a model.
D. A graphical representation of the mode.
19. The ________________ is the variable of primary interest to the researcher.
A. independent variable
B. intervening variable
C. moderating variable
D. dependent variable
20. The opposite of the null hypothesis is called the _____ hypothesis.
A. pure
B. alpha
C. alternative
D. secondary
21. The error caused by rejecting the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, true is called a ____.
A. Type II error
B. confidence level error
C. confidence interval error
D. Type I error
22. ‘Confidence’, as a characteristic of scientific investigation, refers to ______.
A. the probability that our estimations are correct
B. the idea that a simple model that explains a certain phenomenon has preference over a complex model.
C. the fact that findings are generalizable
D. he fact that an investigation has a clear theoretical foundation
23. Scientific investigation is characterized by a good theoretical base and a sound methodological design. These characteristics are both related to the _______ of the investigation.
A. rigor
B. precision and confidence
C. objectivity
D. parsimony
24. The conclusion drawn through the interpretation of the results of data analysis should be based on the fact of the findings derived from the actual data and not on emotional values. This is known as _____.
A. rigor
B. precision and confidence
C. objectivity
D. generalizability
25. Parsimony refers to:
A. The probability that our estimations are correct.
B. The idea that a simple model explaining a certain phenomenon is preferred to a complex model.
C. The fact that findings are generalizable.
D. The fact that an investigation has a clear theoretical base.
26. “Students with a high need for academic achievement will be highly motivated to study. When they get motivated, they will perform better in their academic achievement. However, their motivation will not result in high academic achievement if they do not gave a high commitment in their study.”
What is the dependent variable in the above situation?
A. Motivation.
B. Commitment to study.
C. Academic achievement.
D. None of the above.
Question 27 – 29 are based on the following statement.
“A manager finds that off-the-job classroom training has a great impact on the productivity of the employees in her department. However, she also observes that employees over 60 years of age do not seem to drive much benefit and do not improve with such training.”
27. What is the independent variable in the above situation?
A. Off-the-job classroom training.
B. Age.
C. Productivity.
D. Employees.
28. What is the moderating variable in the above situation?
A. Off-the-job classroom training.
B. Age.
C. Productivity.
D. Employees.
29. What is the dependent variable in the above situation?
A. Off-the-job classroom training.
B. Age.
C. Productivity.
D. Employees.
30. __________ refers to the entire group of people, events, or things of interest that the researcher wishes to investigate.
A. Population
B. Sampling frame
C. Sample
D. Sampling unit
31. The most important disadvantage of a convenience sample is that ____.
A. it takes a lot of time and effort to find respondents
B. the research results cannot be generalized to the population
C. systematic biases are possible
D. it is relatively expensive
32. A single element or group of elements that is eligible for selection via the sampling process is called a ______.
A. sampling panel
B. sampling unit
C. sampling error
D. sampling quota
33. In which type of sampling does every element in the population have a known, nonzero probability of selection?
A. Absolute sampling.
B. Relative sampling.
C. Nonprobability sampling.
D. Probability sampling.
34. The medical inspector desires to estimate the overall average monthly occupancy rates of the cancer wards in 80 different hospitals which are evenly located in the Northwestern, Southeastern, Central, and Southern suburbs of New York City. What would be the most appropriate sampling design?
A. Convenience sampling.
B. Simple random sampling.
C. Snowball sampling.
D. Judgment sampling.
35. What type of research is being conducted to answer the question: "What is the average age of our employees?"
A. Exploratory research.
B. Focus group research.
C. Descriptive research.
D. Causal research.
36. Which of the following is most suitable when there is little to no insight in a certain problem or when there is no information available on how similar problems or research issues have been solved in the past?
A. Exploratory research.
B. Descriptive research.
C. Causal research.
D. Experimental research.
37. Operationalizing is _________________.
A. designing questionnaires
B. translating a problem definition into a research question
C. making an abstract concept measurable
D. defining difficult concepts in the research proposal
38. With which allows us to calculate a mode and a median, but NOT a mean?
A. A nominal scale.
B. An ordinal scale.
C. An interval scale.
D. A ratio scale.
39. Raihana stands on a pair of scales three times in a row. The first time she weighs 55 kilo, the second time 55 kilo, and the third time 55 kilo. Her real weight is 40 kilo. What is the matter with the scales?
A. The pair of scales is not reliable and not valid.
B. The pair of scales is reliable but is not valid.
C. The pair of scales is not reliable but is valid.
D. The pair of scales is reliable and valid.
40. About a scale (set of questions) it can be said that it is _____if it measures what it purports to measure.
A. reliable
B. accurate
C. valid
D. consistent
Friday, May 3, 2013
Soalan Midterm FEB 2012
1. Research done chiefly to make a contribution to existing knowledge
is called _______.
A.
|
basic business research
|
B.
|
qualitative business research
|
C.
|
quantitative business research
|
D.
|
applied business research
|
2. ‘Rigor’ related to
scientific investigation refers, amongst others, to:
A. the probability that our
estimations are correct.
B. the idea that a simple
model that explains a certain phenomenon has preference over a complex model.
C. the fact that findings
are generalizable.
D. the fact that a study has
a good theoretical base.
3. Parsimony refers to:
A. the probability that our
estimations are correct.
B. the idea that a simple
model explaining a certain phenomenon is preferred to a complex model.
C. the fact that findings
are generalizable.
D. the fact that an
investigation has a clear theoretical base.
4. Which of the following
is a hierarchical listing of the hypothetico-deductive research method?
A. Identify a broad problem
area - Define the problem statement - Develop hypotheses - Determine measures - Data collection - Data analysis -
Interpretation of data
B. Identify a broad problem
area - Define the problem statement - Determine measures - Data collection -
Develop hypotheses - Data analysis - Interpretation of data
C. Define the problem
statement - Identify a broad problem area - Determine measures - Develop
hypotheses - Data collection - Data analysis - Interpretation of data
D. Identify a broad problem
area - Develop hypotheses - Determine measures - Data collection - Data analysis - Interpretation of
data
5. What type of research
is being conducted to answer the question:
"What is the average age of our employees?"
A.
|
exploratory research
|
B.
|
focus group research
|
C.
|
descriptive research
|
D.
|
causal research
|
6. From an academic perspective research is relevant if:
A. Nothing is known about a
topic.
B. Much is known about the
topic, but the knowledge is scattered and not integrated.
C. Much research on the
topic is available, but the results are (partly) contradictory.
D. All of the above.
7. Which of the following
does not represent a criterion for assessing the value of articles or books?
A. The relevance of
the issues that are addressed in the article or book.
B. The importance of
a book or article in terms of citations.
C. The year of
publication of the article or book.
D. The number of
authors of the article or book.
8. The ________________ is
the variable of primary interest to the researcher.
A. Independent variable.
B. Intervening variable.
C. Moderating variable.
D. Dependent variable.
9. A ____________ has a strong contingent effect on the independent variable–dependent
variable relationship.
A. Mediating variable.
B. Intervening variable.
C. Moderating variable.
D. Confounding variable.
10. A marketing manager believes that sales
promotion has a positive effect on sales. Although he believes that this relationship holds true generally for all
consumers he also believes that it
is nevertheless contingent on the price consciousness of consumers.
What
would be the dependent variable here?
A.
Profits.
B.
Sales
promotion.
C.
Price
consciousness.
D.
Sales.
11. A ______________ is one
that surfaces between the time the independent variables start operating to
influence the dependent variable and the time their impact is felt on it.
A. Mediating variable.
B. Extraneous variable.
C. Moderating variable.
D. Confounding variable.
12. What is the moderating
variable in the following model?
A.
Workforce diversity.
B.
Creative Synergy.
C.
Organizational effectiveness.
D.
None of the above.
13. Which of the following is
most suitable when there is little to no insight in a certain problem or when there is no information available on
how similar problems or research issues have been
solved in the past?
A.
Exploratory
research.
B.
Descriptive
research.
C.
Causal
research.
D.
Experimental
research.
14. Studies, when data on the
dependent variable are gathered at two or more points in time to answer the research question, are called:
A.
Cross-sectional
studies.
B.
Longitudinal
studies.
C.
Exploratory
studies.
D.
Case
studies.
15. Which of the following
studies is a causal study? The
researcher tries to find out:
A.
What
percentage of the population thinks commercials are annoying compared to 10
years ago.
B.
Why
unemployment in Europe is higher than in Asia.
C.
If
smoking is related to cancer.
D.
All
the above answers are correct.
16. The goal of a _____________ study, hence, is to offer to the researcher a
profile of the phenomena of interest from an individual, organizational,
industry-oriented, or other perspective.
A.
Exploratory.
B.
Descriptive.
C.
Causal.
D.
Experimental.
17. Objects include:
A.
Persons,
strategic business units, and companies.
B.
Countries,
cars, and arousal seeking tendency.
C.
Elephants,
kitchen appliances, and shopping enjoyment.
D.
Restaurants,
shampoo, and service quality.
18. Examples of characteristics of objects are:
A. Length, weight, and country.
B. Arousal seeking tendency,
strategic business unit, and shopping enjoyment.
C.
Service quality, conditioning effects, and taste.
D.
Restaurants,
shampoo, and service quality.
19. You cannot measure
objects; you measure _____________ of
objects.
A.
Elements.
B.
Dimensions.
C.
Antecedents.
D.
Attributes.
20. Operationalizing is:
A.
Designing
questionnaires.
B.
Translating
a problem definition into a research question.
C.
Making
an abstract concept measurable.
D.
Defining
difficult concepts in the research proposal.
21. A father measures the
length of his son.
Which of the following
statements is correct?
A.
The
son is the object; the length is the attribute.
B.
The
father is the object; the length is the attribute.
C.
The
son is the object; the tape measure is the attribute.
D.
Length
is the object; the tape measure is the attribute.
22. What is the type of scale
of the variable ‘age’ if it is measured in the following way?
“What is your age? ____
years.”
A.
Nominal.
B.
Ordinal.
C.
Interval.
D.
Ratio.
23. What is the measurement
level of income, measured in the following way:
“What is your annual gross income?”
< €15.000
€20.000 - €30.000
€30.000 - €45.000
> € 45.000
A.
Nominal.
B.
Ordinal.
C.
Interval.
D.
Ratio.
24. What is the most powerful
scale?
A.
A
nominal scale.
B.
An
ordinal scale.
C.
An
interval scale.
D.
A
ratio scale.
25. With which allows us to
calculate a mode and a median, but not
a mean?
A.
A
nominal scale.
B.
An
ordinal scale.
C.
An
interval scale.
D.
A
ratio scale.
26. Julia stands on a pair of
scales three times in a row. The first time she weighs 69 kilo, the second time
69 kilo, and the third time 69 kilo. Her real weight is 51 kilo. What is the
matter with the scales?
A.
The
pair of scales is not reliable and not valid.
B.
The
pair of scales is reliable but is not valid.
C.
The
pair of scales is not reliable but is valid.
D.
The
pair of scales is reliable and valid.
27. About a scale (set of
questions) it can be said that it is if it measures what it purports to measure.
A.
Reliable.
B.
Accurate.
C.
Valid.
D.
Consistent.
28. In what way can content
validity of a scale be determined?
A.
A
panel of experts judges a measuring instrument.
B.
When the score
obtained by measuring a variable is empirically found to correlate with a related
variable.
C.
When
the score obtained by measuring a variable is empirically found not to
correlate with an unrelated variable.
D.
All
of the above.
29. How do we call the
following scale type?
“Where in northern California do
you reside?
__ North Bay
__ South Bay
__ East Bay
__ Peninsula
__ Other“
A.
A
category scale.
B.
A
forced choice scale.
C.
A
multidimensional scale.
D.
A
itemized rating scale.
30. Robert stands three times
on a pair of scales within a period of 5 minutes. The first time he weighs 92 kg, the second time he weighs 102
kg and the third time he weighs 95 kg. His real weight is 86 kg. What is the
matter with the scales?
A.
The
pair of scales is not reliable and not valid.
B.
The
pair of scales is reliable but is not valid.
C.
The
pair of scales is not reliable but is valid.
D.
The
pair of scales is reliable and valid.
31. What is not an advantage of observation
as a research method?
A.
The
obtained data are generally reliable and free of respondent bias.
B.
It
is relatively easy to note the effects of environmental influences on specific
outcomes.
C.
It
is easy to observe certain groups or individuals from whom it may be otherwise
difficult to obtain information.
D.
It
is a cheap and fast way to collect information.
32. “Do you think there is a
good market for the product and that it will sell well?”
This question is:
A.
Leading.
B.
Loaded.
C.
Double-barreled.
D.
Ambiguous.
33. “To what extent would you
say you are happy?”
A.
Leading.
B.
Loaded.
C.
Double-barreled.
D.
Ambiguous.
34. __________ refers to the
entire group of people, events, or things of interest that the researcher
wishes to investigate.
A.
Population.
B.
Sampling
frame.
C.
Sample.
D.
Sampling
unit.
35. The element or set of
elements that is available for selection in some stage of the sampling process is the:
A.
Sample.
B.
Sampling
unit.
C.
Sampling
frame.
D.
Subject.
36. A researcher who
investigates the relationship between the loyalty program of a specific
supermarket and the loyalty towards this supermarket, collects his data by
questioning consumers who leave the specific supermarket on several daily
periods. The sampling method used by this researcher is called:
A.
Convenience
sampling.
B.
Simple
random sampling.
C.
Stratified
sampling.
D.
Quota
sampling.
37. If representativeness of
the sample is critical for the study, which of the following sampling techniques would you choose?
A.
Simple
random sampling.
B.
Judgement
sampling.
C. Convenience sampling.
D. Quota sampling .
38. The most important disadvantage of a convenience sample is that:
A.
It
takes a lot of time and effort to find respondents.
B.
The
research results cannot be generalized to the population.
C.
Systematic
biases are possible.
D.
It
is relatively expensive.
39. The type of probability
and non-probability sampling designs that is chosen depends on:
A.
The
extent of generalizability desired.
B.
The
demands of time and other resources.
C.
The
purpose of the study.
D.
All
of the above.
40. Which of the following
sampling designs is a form of non-probability sampling?
A.
Systematic
sampling.
B.
Area
sampling.
C.
Quota
sampling.
D.
Cluster
sampling.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)